國富論（英文版）免費全文 [英]亞當·斯密 it與he與st 線上閱讀無廣告

quantityofney;thesapieces,byarerapidcirculation,servingastheinstruntofnyrepurchasesoftheonekindthanoftheother

papeeyybesoregulatedaseithertonfineitselfverychtothecirculationbethedifferentdealers,ortoextenditselflikeoagreatpartofthatbethe

dealersandthensursesarecirculated

undertenpoundsvalue,asinlondon,papeeynfinesitselfverychtothecirculationbethedealersen

poundbanknoteesintothehandsofansur,heisgenerallyobligedtochangeitatthefirstshopwherehehasoccasiontopurchasefiveshillingshofgoods,sothatitoftenretusintothehandsofadealerbeforethensurhasspentthefortiethpartoftheneyesareissuedforsosllsuastyshillings,asinstland,paperneyextendsitselftoansiderablepartofthecirculationbetersbeforetheaent,

astoptothecirculationoftenandfiveshillingnotes,itfilledastillgreaterpartofthatcirculationintheerica,papelyissuedforso

sllasusashilling,andfilledalstthehat

epapercurrenciesofyorkshire,itwasissuedevenforsosllasusasixpence

allsuis

allonlypractised,nyanpeoplearebothenabledandenuragedtobeebankersapersonissorynoteforfivepounds,orevenfortyshillings,ed

byeverybody,ittobereceivedhoutscruple

isissuedforsosllasusasixpencebutthefrequentbankruptay

oetisevena

verygreatcalatytonypoorpeopleheir

notesinpaynt

itter,perhaps,thatnobanknoteswereissuedinanypartofthekingdoorasllersuhanfivepoundspaperneyhen,probably,nfineitself,ineverypartofthekingdotothecirculationbethedifferentdealers,aschasitdoesatpresentinlondon,esare

issuedundertenpoundsvalue;fivepoundsbeing,instpartsofthekingdoasure

thanhalfthequantityofgoods,isaschnsidered,andisasseldopentallatonidsttheprofuse

expenseoflondon

oney,itistobeobserved,isprettych

nfinedtothecirculationbet

london,thereisalyofgoldandsilver

extendsitselftoansiderablepartofthecirculationbetweendealersandnsurs,asinstland,andstillreinnorthariostentirelyfrohe

untry;alstalltheordinarytransactionsofitsinteriorrcebeingthuscarriedonbypaperthesuppressionoftenandfiveshillingbanknotessorelievedthescarcityofgoldandsilverinstland;andthesuppressionoftyshillingnotesorethosetals

aresaidtohavebeereabundantinaricasincethesuppressionofsooftheirpapercurrenciestheyaresaid,likeoreabundantbeforetheinstitutionof

thosecurrencies

thoughpapeeyshouldbeprettychnfinedtothecirculationbetbanksandbankers

ghtstillbeabletogivenearlythesaassistancetotheindustryandrceoftheuntryastheyhaddonewhenpaperneyfilledalsttheoneyh

adealerisobligedtokeepbyhiforanscasionaldends,isdestinedaltogetherforthecirculationbetweenhielfandotherdealersofhebuysgoodshehasnooforthecirculationbetself

andthensurs,ers,andwhobringready

neytohiinsteadoftakinganyfroithoughnopaperney,therefore,sas

uchtothecirculationbetweendealers

anddealers,yet,partlybydisuntingrealbillsofexchange,andpartlybylendinguponcashacunts,banksandbankersghtstillbeabletorelievethegreaterpartofthosedealersfrobr >thenecessityofkeepinganynsiderablepartoftheirstockbytheuneloyedandinreadyney,foranscasionaldendstheyghtstillbeabletogivetheutstassistancehpropriety,givetotradersof

everykind

torestrainprivatepeople,itybesaid,froeceivinginpaynttheprossorynotesofabanker,foranysuergreatorsll,selvesare,

ortorestrainabankerfrossuingsuchnotes,whenallhisneighboursare,isanifestviolation

ofthatnaturallibertyistheproperbusinessoflawnottoinfringe,buttosupportsuay,nodoubt,bensideredasinsorespectsaviolationofnaturallibertybutthoseexertionsofthenaturallibertyofafewindividuals,ightendangerthesecurityofthey,are,and

oughttobe,restrainedbythelaents,ofthe

stfreeasostdespoticaltheobligationof

buildingpartynicationof

fire,isaviolationofnaturallibertyexaekindhtheregulationsofthebankingtradeharehereproposed

apapeeynsistinginbanknotes,issuedbypeopleofundoubtedandhoutanyndition,and

infactaled,is,inevery

respeoney;sincegoldand

silveeycanatanytibehadforiteveriseitherboughtorsoldforsuchpaperstnecessarilybeboughtorsoldascheapasituldhavebeenforgoldandsilver

theinoney,ithasbeensaid,byaugnting

thequantity,andnsequentlydinishingthevalueofthewholeodities

butasthequantityofgoldandsilver,the

currency,isalothequantityofpaperhisaddedtoit,papeeydoesnotnecessarilyincreasethequantityofthethebeginningofthelastcenturytothe

presentti,provisionsneverlandthanin

1759,though,frohecirculationoftenandfiveshillingbanknotes,thereorepapeeyintheuntrythanat

presenttheproportionbethepriceofprovisionsinstlandandthatinenglandis